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HEALTH HAZARDS:
a) Benzaldehyde:
Inhalation of concentrated vapor may irritate eyes, nose
and throat. Liquid is irritating to eyes. Prolong contact with skin may cause irritation.
Over exposure to benzaldehyde vapors is irritating to upper respiratory tract and produces
central nervous system depression with possible respiratory failure. Highly irritant
action on mucous membranes carcinogenic effects of benzaldehyde are current in progress.
Benzaldehyde is released to the environment in emissions from combustion processes such as
gasoline and diesel engines, incinerators and wood burning. It is formed in the atmosphere
through photochemical oxidation of toluene and other aromatic hydrocarbons. It occurs
naturally in various plants. If released to the atmosphere, benzaldehyde will degrade by
reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (half-life of 29.8 hr); direct
photolysis may contribute to its atmospheric degradation. Physical removal from air by wet
deposition can occur. If released to soil or water, the major degradation pathway is
expected to be biodegradation. Physical transport from water can occur through
volatilization. Occupational exposure to benzaldehyde through consumption of food (where
it occurs either naturally or as an intentional food additive) and inhalation of
contaminated air.
b) Toluene : [7]
Toluene can effect you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin. - Toluene may cause mutations genetic changes. Handle with extreme
caution. - It may damage the developing fetus (FOETUS). - Exposure can irritate the nose,
throat, and eyes. - Higher levels can case you to feel dizzy, light headed and even death
can occur. - Repeated exposures can damage bone narrow causing low blood cell count. It
also can damage the livers and kidneys. - Long-term exposure can cause tiredness,
confusion, weakness, drunken-type actions, memoryloss, nausea and loss of appetite, and
hearing loss. It can also cause permanent brain and speech damage, vision problems, loss
of music control, and poor balance. It can also cause slowed reflexes, trouble
concentrating and decreased metal ability. - Prolonged contact can cause skin rash. -
Studies have shown that unborn animals were breathed by their mothers. Babies can have
neuralgic problems and retarded growth and development if their mother breathe a high
level of Toluene during pregnancy. - The department of health and human services and the
international agency for research on cancer have not classified toluene for carcinogenic
effect. Studies in workers and animals indicate that toluene does not cause cancer. -
Asthmatics, individuals with other respiratory difficulties or cardiovascular disease, and
the elderly may be at increased risk from exposure to toluene. Cigarette smokers and
chronic alcohol drinkers may also be at increased risk.[8]
c) Benzotrichloride :
i) Acute effects : -
Acute exposure to the vapors of benzotricloride are highly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. [11,12] - Benzotrichloride may cause death or permanent injury after an acute exposure to small quantities by inhalation. [12] - Large doses have caused CNS depression in animal’s [11]. - Tests involving acute exposure of animals, such as the LC50 and LD50 tests in rats and rabbits, have demonstrated benzotrichloride to have extreme acute toxicity by inhalation, moderate. Acute toxicity by dermal exposure, and low to moderate acute toxicity by injestion.[13] - EPA’s office of air quality planning and standards, considers benzotrichloride to be a “high concern” pollutant based on severe acute toxicity.
ii) Chronic Effects: -
No information is available on the chronic (long-term)
effects of benzotrichloride in humans - In mice and rats chronically exposed by
inhalation, proliferative lesions of the respiratory tract have been observed. In
addition, inflammation of the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and kidneys have been reported
inn mice. - No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of
benzotrichloride in humans. - Reduced maternal and fetal weight gain and skeletal
abnormalities have been reported in rats exposed to benzotrichloride via gavage. - EPA has
classified benzotrichloride as a group B2, probable human carcinogen. [12].
d) Chlorine :