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Physical Properties:

Raw materials required for manufacture of  benzaldehyde are Toluene , Chlorine &  Sodium carbonate.

Toluene:

1. State                 :     Liquid

2. Boiling point     :     110.625⁰C

3. Melting point    :    -95⁰C

4. Molecular wt   :     92

5. Solubility /100 parts of water            :       0.05 in cold.

6. Specific Heat    :       40.48 (cal/mole 0K)

7. Heat of formation :   2.87 (Kcal/mole)

8. Special gravity      :    0.866 at 20⁰C

Chlorine:

1. State                     :     Liquid

2. Boiling point          :    -34.6⁰C

3. Melting point        :     -101.6⁰C

4. Molecular wt        :     71

5. Solubility /100 parts of water          : 0.57  in cold.

                                                        :   46 in hot.

6. Specific Heat                                 :   8.28(cal/mole 0K)

7. Heat of formation                           :   0.00  (Kcal/mole)

8. Special gravity                                 :   1.56  at 20⁰C

Sodium Carbonate:

1. State                     :     Solid

2. Boiling point           :    -----

3. Melting point        :     851 ⁰C

4. Molecular wt        :     106

5. Solubility /100 parts of water            :   48.5  in hot

                                                           :    7.1in cold.

6. Specific Heat                                    :    28.9 (cal/mole ⁰K)

7. Heat of formation                               :    -275.9(Kcal/mole) 

8. Special gravity                                    :     2.533 at 20⁰C

Benzaldehyde:

1. Molecular formula                       :    C₇H₆O₂

2. Molecular weight                          :    106.12

3. Boiling Point                                :    179 ⁰C  @760mmHg 

4. Melting point,                               :    -26⁰C (-15⁰F)

5. Flash point                                   :      Closed cup-64⁰C(148⁰F)

                                                      :      Open cup - 74⁰C (165⁰F)

6. Specific Gravity                            :      1.046

7. Refractive Index                            :     1.5455 @ 17.6 ⁰C

8. Auto ignition temp                          :    192⁰C or (378⁰F)

9. Vapor Pressure                              :    10mm Hg @ 62⁰C

                                                        :     60mm Hg @99.6⁰C

                                                        :     100mm Hg @ 112.5⁰C

                                                         :     400mm Hg @ 154.1⁰C

10. Vapor Pressure Equation:            :  Log P =  A - B / ( T  + C )

                                                              Where    A= 6.6153

                                                                            B= 1277

                                                                            C= 164    

                                                                            P is in  mmHg

                                                                           & T is in  ⁰C

11. Sp. Heat (liquid)                             :                 1.615 J/g ⁰K  @ 25⁰C

12. Solubility in water                           :                  0.6 wt.  @ 20⁰C

13. Solubility of water                          :                 1.5   wt % @ 20⁰C

14. Viscosity                                        :                  1.4   Centipoise @ 25⁰C

15. Standard Heat of combustion          :                 -31.9KJ/g  

16. Heat of formation                             :               - 88.89 KJ/mole

17. Latent Heat of Vaporisation              :                362   J/g

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